Octreotide and bromocriptine were used to treat an acromegalic patient harbouring an invasive pituitary tumour secreting growth hormone and prolactin. Octreotide (100 μg, subcutaneously, three times daily) and bromocriptine (15 mg orally, daily) rapidly improved clinical signs and symptoms, including diabetes that initially required insulin. Complete control of growth hormone and prolactin secretion was obtained and maintained by this treatment protocol for 12 months without affecting the other pituitary functions. A major tumour shrinkage was apparent by magnetic resonance imaging after six months, and was considered to be complete after 12 months of treatment. Octreotide was then discontinued without any relapse in either growth hormone secretion or tumour growth over a 20-month period following withdrawal. Attempts were made to discontinue bromocriptine, but a maintenance therapy (2.5 mg daily) was required to control rebounds of prolactin hypersecretion. Two months after octreotide withdrawal, acute pancreatitis secondary to cholelithiasis required surgery; this complication was attributed to octreotide (pre-treatment ultrasonography was normal). These findings suggest that combination therapy with octreotide and bromocriptine may be considered in pituitary macroadenomas secreting growth hormone and prolactin. They also emphasize the need for a close monitoring of cholelithiasis, not only during octreotide therapy but also after the drug's withdrawal.
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Jean-Louis Sadoul, Antoine Thyss, and Pierre Freychet
Sylvie Hiéronimus, Magali Bec-Roche, Florence Pedeutour, Jean Claude Lambert, Kathy Wagner-Malher, Jean Christophe Mas, Jean Louis Sadoul, and Patrick Fénichel
Objective: Clinical features associated with microdeletion of chromosome 22q11 (del(22)(q11)) are highly variable. Increased awareness of this condition is needed among specialists such as endocrinologists to reduce diagnostic delay and improve clinical care. The purpose of this study was to describe the phenotype of patients with del(22)(q11), focusing on parathyroid gland dysfunction.
Design and methods: Charts of 19 patients, including one kindred of three, known to have del(22)(q11) diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were reviewed from the register of the department of Medical Genetics. Major clinical features including hypoparathyroidism phenotype were collected.
Results: Parathyroid dysfunction was present in 8 out of 16 patients (50%). Six patients were diagnosed with overt hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia manifested as laryngeal stridor within the first days of life (n=3), seizures in infancy (n=1) and adolescence (n=2). The connection between hypoparathyroidism and diagnosis of del(22)(q11) was belated at the median age of 18 years. One patient had presented with transient neonatal hypoparathyroidism, and one patient had latent hypoparathyroidism. Within the kindred family, the phenotype variability including that of parathyroid dysfunction was as marked as between unrelated individuals. Standard karyotype failed to detect the deletion in 15 out of 19 cases.
Conclusions: Abnormal parathyroid function in the del(22)(q11) ranges from severe neonatal hypocalcemia to latent hypoparathyroidism. Del(22)(q11) should be considered as a potential cause of hypocalcemia even in young adult. When suspected, the diagnosis requires investigation by FISH. Furthermore, long-term calcemia follow-up is needed in normocalcemic patients with del(22)(q11) because of the possible evolution to hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism.
Hélène Lasolle, Christine Cortet, Fréderic Castinetti, Lucie Cloix, Philippe Caron, Brigitte Delemer, Rachel Desailloud, Christel Jublanc, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Jean-Louis Sadoul, Luc Taillandier, Marie Batisse-Lignier, Fabrice Bonnet, Nathalie Bourcigaux, Damien Bresson, Olivier Chabre, Philippe Chanson, Cyril Garcia, Magalie Haissaguerre, Yves Reznik, Sophie Borot, Chiara Villa, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Stephan Gaillard, Emmanuel Jouanneau, Guillaume Assié, and Gérald Raverot
Objectives
Only few retrospective studies have reported an efficacy rate of temozolomide (TMZ) in pituitary tumors (PT), all around 50%. However, the long-term survival of treated patients is rarely evaluated. We therefore aimed to describe the use of TMZ on PT in clinical practice and evaluate the long-term survival.
Design
Multicenter retrospective study by members of the French Society of Endocrinology.
Methods
Forty-three patients (14 women) treated with TMZ between 2006 and 2016 were included. Most tumors were corticotroph (n = 23) or lactotroph (n = 13), and 14 were carcinomas. Clinical/pathological characteristics of PT, as well as data from treatment evaluation and from the last follow-up were recorded. A partial response was considered as a decrease in the maximal tumor diameter by more than 30% and/or in the hormonal rate by more than 50% at the end of treatment.
Results
The median treatment duration was 6.5 cycles (range 2–24), using a standard regimen for most and combined radiotherapy for six. Twenty-two patients (51.2%) were considered as responders. Silent tumor at diagnosis was associated with a poor response. The median follow-up after the end of treatment was 16 months (0–72). Overall survival was significantly higher among responders (P = 0.002); however, ten patients relapsed 5 months (0–57) after the end of TMZ treatment, five in whom TMZ was reinitiated without success.
Discussion
Patients in our series showed a 51.2% response rate to TMZ, with an improved survival among responders despite frequent relapses. Our study highlights the high variability and lack of standardization of treatment protocols.
Hélène Bihan, Arnaud Murat, Marinos Fysekidis, Abdallah Al-Salameh, Claire Schwartz, Eric Baudin, Philippe Thieblot, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Pierre-Jean Guillausseau, Catherine Cardot-Bauters, Isabelle Raingeard, Elisabeth Requeda, Jean Louis Sadoul, Yves Reznik, and Régis Cohen for the French Group of Endocrine Tumours (GTE)
Objective
Due to a strong genotype–phenotype correlation, the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy in rearranged during transfection (RET) gene mutation carriers is usually dictated by genetic analysis.
Subjects and methods
We report a nationwide retrospective study of the clinical data of 77 French patients from 19 families with a mutation in codon 790 of the RET proto-oncogene.
Results
The average age at diagnosis was 35.6 years±20.5. Thirty-nine patients were women. Fifty-five patients underwent operations for the treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) at the mean age of 38 years (4–82 years). The mean follow-up duration was 89 months. TNM staging was as follows: T0NxMx in 19, TxNxMx in 1, T1NxMx in 22, T1N1Mx in 8, T2N1Mx in 1 and T3N1Mx in four patients. In the T1/x-Nx group, 96% were considered cured after surgery. In the N1 group (n=13), six patients had multifocal disease and five patients were cured. Age and gender were not significant predictors of remission. Twenty-two patients did not undergo an operation (age 1.5–78 years); among them, 11 patients had a mean basal calcitonin (CT) level of 9.8 pg/ml (2–24) after 53 months of follow-up. One patient had been operated on for phaeochromocytoma (PHEO), and their CT level remained normal for 262 months.
Conclusions
This study confirms that RET 790 mutation is associated with a non-aggressive form of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, as 28% of the patients were followed up without thyroidectomy, 25% had been thyroidectomised with no tumour being detected and even patients with MTC had slow-evolving disease. Moreover, only one patient had PHEO, and no-one had primary hyperparathyroidism.
Thomas Cuny, Morgane Pertuit, Mona Sahnoun-Fathallah, Adrian Daly, Gianluca Occhi, Marie Françoise Odou, Antoine Tabarin, Marie Laure Nunes, Brigitte Delemer, Vincent Rohmer, Rachel Desailloud, Véronique Kerlan, Olivier Chabre, Jean-Louis Sadoul, Muriel Cogne, Philippe Caron, Christine Cortet-Rudelli, Anne Lienhardt, Isabelle Raingeard, Anne-Marie Guedj, Thierry Brue, Albert Beckers, Georges Weryha, Alain Enjalbert, and Anne Barlier
Context
Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene (AIP) have been identified in young patients (age ≤30 years old) with sporadic pituitary macroadenomas. Otherwise, there are few data concerning the prevalence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) mutations in such a population.
Objective
We assessed the prevalence of both AIP and MEN1 genetic abnormalities (mutations and large gene deletions) in young patients (age ≤30 years old) diagnosed with sporadic and isolated macroadenoma, without hypercalcemia and/or MEN1-associated lesions.
Design
The entire coding sequences of AIP and MEN1 were screened for mutations. In cases of negative sequencing screening, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed for the detection of large genetic deletions.
Patients and settings
One hundred and seventy-four patients from endocrinology departments of 15 French University Hospital Centers were eligible for this study.
Results
Twenty-one out of 174 (12%) patients had AIP (n=15, 8.6%) or MEN1 (n=6, 3.4%) mutations. In pediatric patients (age ≤18 years old), AIP/MEN1 mutation frequency reached nearly 22% (n=10/46). AIPmut and MEN1mut were identified in 8/79 (10.1%) and 1/79 (1.2%) somatotropinoma patients respectively; they each accounted for 4/74 (5.4%) prolactinoma (PRL) patients with mutations. Half of those patients (n=3/6) with gigantism displayed mutations in AIP. Interestingly, 4/12 (33%) patients with non-secreting adenomas bore either AIP or MEN1 mutations, whereas none of the eight corticotroph adenomas or the single thyrotropinoma case had mutations. No large gene deletions were observed in sequencing-negative patients.
Conclusion
Mutations in MEN1 can be of significance in young patients with sporadic isolated pituitary macroadenomas, particularly PRL, and together with AIP, we suggest genetic analysis of MEN1 in such a population.