Uterine bleeding occurring about the time of ovulation is a widespread phenomenon among mammalian species. It is part of the oestrus in some mammals but also occurs in monkeys midway between the menstrual flows. This cyclic intermenstrual bleeding in monkeys is considered to be strongly indicative of ovulation and is known as Hartman's ovulation sign.
In healthy women frank intermenstrual bleeding from the uterus is also occasionally observed and is considered to be related to ovulation (Wharton & Henriksen, 1936). Periodic discharge of erythrocytes during the midmenstrual phase was demonstrated in 23% (Papanicolaou, 1935) to 60 % (Rutherford, 1944) of healthy adult women by vaginal smears or washings. In a previous study we were able to demonstrate a very high incidence (90 %) of occult midmenstrual bleeding in healthy women, using a highly sensitive test for the detection of hemoglobin (Bromberg & Bercovici, 1956 a).
The midmenstrual occult bleeding which was demonstrated
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